Social studies class x important questions and answers.
Q1. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, tertiary and secondary is useful? Explain how.
Ans: The classification of economic activities into primary, tertiary and secondary is useful on account of the information it provides on how and where the people of a country are employed. also this helps in ascertaining as to which sector of economic activity contributes more or less to the country’s GDP and per capita income.
If the tertiary sector is developing much faster than the primary sector, then it implies that agriculture is depleting, and the government must take measures to rectify this. The knowledge that the agricultural profession is becoming unpopular or regressive can only come if we know which sector it belongs to. Hence it is necessary to classify economic activities into these there sectors for smooth economic administration and development.
Q2. Three causes of great depression of 1929.
Ans: I) As a result the American capitalist stopped all loans to the European countries thus halting all production there.
II) The sudden stoppage of American capital caused an unprecedented economic crisis there.
III) The defeat of Germany in the First World War had already ruined her and her industry. So she became and easy victim of the economic crisis.
Q3. Three reasons for the clashes between weavers and gomasthas.
Ans: 1)The gomasthas were outsiders & had no social link with villages.
2)The weavers could not sell their cloth to other buyers because they had to sell to the company due to the loans they took from them.
3). They had to accept the price offered by the company to them, although it was very low.
Q4. What is manuscript? Mention any 2 limitations of it during 19th century.
Ans: Manuscript is a handwritten material.
Manuscripts were highly expensive and fragile. They had to be handled carefully, and they could not be read easily. So manuscripts were not widely used in everyday life.
Q5. What is meant by print revolution? Explain its signification.
Ans: It was a revolution which not only reduced the cost of production of books but also changed their relationship with information and knowledge It influenced popular perceptions and people starred looking the world in a different way.
Q7. Differentiate between red soil and laterite soil.
Ans: RED SOILS
1. Red soil is formed due to weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
2. It is highly porous and less fertile but where it is deep it is fertile.
3. It is less crystalline.
4. It is red in colour due to the presence of iron in it.
5.They occur in parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Jharkhand.
LATERITE SOILS
1. It is formed by the leaching process in the heavy rainfall areas of tropical India.
2. It is less fertile, only grass grows on it in abundance.
3. It is crystalline.
4. It is red in colour due to little clay and much gravel of red sand-stones.
5. It is found in hills of the Deccan, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Assam and Meghalaya.
Q8. What do you mean by multipurpose river valley project? Give it objectives.
Ans: Multipurpose river valley projects generally refer to large dams that serve several purposes in addition to impounding the water of a river.
The objectives of multipurpose projects:
I) Irrigation . II) Flood control
III) Soil conservation . IV) Supply of drinking water
V) Water transport . VI) Tourism
VII) Electricity generation.
Q9. Politics must be guided by ethics. Explain with three values.
Ans: Political ethics (also known as political morality or public ethics) is the practice of making moral judgements about political action and political agents. It covers two areas. The first is the ethics of process (or the ethics of office), which deals with public officials and the methods they use. The second area, the ethics of policy (or ethics and public policy) concerns judgments about policies and laws.
Q10. What is meant by feminist? Give two causes of movements.
Ans: Feminism is the radical notion that women are people." In other words, feminism is a commitment to achieving the equality of the sexes.
Causes of movements:-
1)Domestic Violence and Abuse.
2) inequalities between men and women.
Q11. Give three basic elements of Belgium models of power sharing.
Ans: 1. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. No single community can make decisions unilaterally
2. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country and the state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
3. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
Q12. Why do different people have different goals for development?
Ans:The developmental goals of different categories of people are not same because every individual has a different need. For instance, a rich business man requires money to buy an estate, however a beggar needs money to eat food two times a day. Thus, people of different social strata have different requirements.
Q13. How are the workers benefited in organized sector?
Ans: In an organised sector workers are benefitted in the following ways:-
1) They enjoy medical facilities.
2) They enjoy jobs guarantee.
3) They enjoy fair wage for their work.
4) They enjoy sanitation facilities.
Q14. Effects of the great depression of 1929 on U.S.A.
Ans:
1) Rise in unemployment :- By 1932, unemployment had reached 23.6%, peaking in early 1933 at 25%.
2)Failure of banks:- Drought persisted in the agricultural heartland, businesses and families defaulted on record numbers of loans, and more than 5,000 banks had failed.
3) sanitation problems:- Hundreds of thousands of Americans found themselves homeless, and began congregating in shanty towns that began to appear across the country.
Q15. Evaluate the role of print in connecting the various communities in different part of India.
Ans: Print culture helped in developing a culture of dialogue among people. Ideas of social reform could be spread in a better way. Gandhiji spread his ideas of swadeshi in powerful way through newspapers. Many vernacular newspapers came up in India. These helped in spreading the message of nationalism to majority of the Indian masses. Even in spite of repressive measures print culture was a revolution which could not be stopped.
Q16. Why have multipurpose projects and large dams come under great scripting? Give any five reasons.
◾Irrigation benefits exaggerated – By and large, there was a gap between irrigation potential created and actual area irrigated.
◾Loss of precious agricultural land – Quite a large area of precious agricultural land is wasted to construct distribution system.
◾Adverse impact on tribal families – The tribal families which fall victim to such projects are in force. Millions of tribal families have been displaced so far.
◾Agricultural needs to play second fiddle to urban users – A serious problem is that the benefits of hydro-power are mostly available to industry and to urban areas.
◾Adverse environmental effects – Adverse environmental effects in the form of water-logging, salinity which ultimately results in the degradation of soil, by and large, stem from major and medium irrigation projects.
Q17. How can land degradation be solved?
Ans: Following are some practises for controlling land degradation:
1. Strip farming: It is & practice in which cultivated crops are sown in alternative strips to prevent water movement.
2. Crop Rotation: It is one of the agricultural practice in which different crops are grown in same area following a rotation system which helps in replenishment of the soil.
3. Ridge and Furrow Formation: Soil erosion is one of the factors responsible for lad degradation. It can be prevented by formation of ridge and furrow during irrigation which lessens run off.
4. Construction of Dams: This usually checks or reduces the velocity of run off so that soil support vegetation.
5. Contour Farming: This type of farming is usually practiced across the hill side and is useful in collecting and diverting the run off to avoid erosion.
Q18. Differentiate between coming together and holding together federation with examples.
Ans:
In “ Coming together federations” independent states come together on their own to form a bigger unit so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security while in “ Holding together” federation, a large country decides to divide its powers between the constituent states and the national government.
1.In “Coming together” federations, all the constituents states have equal powers whereas in “ holding together” federations, some units are granted special powers.
Q19. Prove that social division of one kind or another exist in country.
Ans:-Countries like Germany and Sweden which are considered homogenous societies are undergoing rapid change because of migration from other parts of the world. Thus, social divisions exist in all parts of the world.
